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<h1 id="rsync"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#rsync"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>rsync</h1>
<p>远程数据同步工具</p>
<h2 id="补充说明"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#补充说明"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>补充说明</h2>
<p><strong>rsync命令</strong> 是一个远程数据同步工具，可通过LAN/WAN快速同步多台主机间的文件。rsync使用所谓的“rsync算法”来使本地和远程两个主机之间的文件达到同步，这个算法只传送两个文件的不同部分，而不是每次都整份传送，因此速度相当快。 rsync是一个功能非常强大的工具，其命令也有很多功能特色选项，我们下面就对它的选项一一进行分析说明。</p>
<h3 id="语法"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语法"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>语法</h3>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>OPTION<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. SRC DEST
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>OPTION<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. SRC <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token environment constant">USER</span>@<span class="token punctuation">]</span>host:DEST
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>OPTION<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token environment constant">USER</span>@<span class="token punctuation">]</span>HOST:SRC DEST
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>OPTION<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token environment constant">USER</span>@<span class="token punctuation">]</span>HOST::SRC DEST
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>OPTION<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. SRC <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token environment constant">USER</span>@<span class="token punctuation">]</span>HOST::DEST
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>OPTION<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. rsync://<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token environment constant">USER</span>@<span class="token punctuation">]</span>HOST<span class="token punctuation">[</span>:PORT<span class="token punctuation">]</span>/SRC <span class="token punctuation">[</span>DEST<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="rsync [OPTION]... SRC DEST
rsync [OPTION]... SRC [USER@]host:DEST
rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC DEST
rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC DEST
rsync [OPTION]... SRC [USER@]HOST::DEST
rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>对应于以上六种命令格式，rsync有六种不同的工作模式：</p>
<ol>
  <li>拷贝本地文件。当SRC和DES路径信息都不包含有单个冒号":"分隔符时就启动这种工作模式。如：<code>rsync -a /data /backup</code></li>
  <li>使用一个远程shell程序(如rsh、ssh)来实现将本地机器的内容拷贝到远程机器。当DST路径地址包含单个冒号":"分隔符时启动该模式。如：<code>rsync -avz *.c foo:src</code></li>
  <li>使用一个远程shell程序(如rsh、ssh)来实现将远程机器的内容拷贝到本地机器。当SRC地址路径包含单个冒号":"分隔符时启动该模式。如：<code>rsync -avz foo:src/bar /data</code></li>
  <li>从远程rsync服务器中拷贝文件到本地机。当SRC路径信息包含"::"分隔符时启动该模式。如：<code>rsync -av root@192.168.78.192::www /databack</code></li>
  <li>从本地机器拷贝文件到远程rsync服务器中。当DST路径信息包含"::"分隔符时启动该模式。如：<code>rsync -av /databack root@192.168.78.192::www</code></li>
  <li>列远程机的文件列表。这类似于rsync传输，不过只要在命令中省略掉本地机信息即可。如：<code>rsync -v rsync://192.168.78.192/www</code></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="选项"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选项"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>选项</h3>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">-v, <span class="token parameter variable">--verbose</span> 详细模式输出。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">-q, <span class="token parameter variable">--quiet</span> 精简输出模式。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">-c, <span class="token parameter variable">--checksum</span> 打开校验开关，强制对文件传输进行校验。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">-a, <span class="token parameter variable">--archive</span> 归档模式，表示以递归方式传输文件，并保持所有文件属性，等于-rlptgoD。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">-r, <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> 对子目录以递归模式处理。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">-R, <span class="token parameter variable">--relative</span> 使用相对路径信息。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">-b, <span class="token parameter variable">--backup</span> 创建备份，也就是对于目的已经存在有同样的文件名时，将老的文件重新命名为~filename。可以使用--suffix选项来指定不同的备份文件前缀。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">--backup-dir 将备份文件<span class="token punctuation">(</span>如~filename<span class="token punctuation">)</span>存放在在目录下。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9"><span class="token parameter variable">-suffix</span><span class="token operator">=</span>SUFFIX 定义备份文件前缀。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">-u, <span class="token parameter variable">--update</span> 仅仅进行更新，也就是跳过所有已经存在于DST，并且文件时间晚于要备份的文件，不覆盖更新的文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">-l, <span class="token parameter variable">--links</span> 保留软链结。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">-L, --copy-links 想对待常规文件一样处理软链结。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">--copy-unsafe-links 仅仅拷贝指向SRC路径目录树以外的链结。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">--safe-links 忽略指向SRC路径目录树以外的链结。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">-H, --hard-links 保留硬链结。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">-p, <span class="token parameter variable">--perms</span> 保持文件权限。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">-o, <span class="token parameter variable">--owner</span> 保持文件属主信息。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">-g, <span class="token parameter variable">--group</span> 保持文件属组信息。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">-D, <span class="token parameter variable">--devices</span> 保持设备文件信息。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">-t, <span class="token parameter variable">--times</span> 保持文件时间信息。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">-S, <span class="token parameter variable">--sparse</span> 对稀疏文件进行特殊处理以节省DST的空间。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="22">-n, --dry-run现实哪些文件将被传输。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="23">-w, --whole-file 拷贝文件，不进行增量检测。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="24">-x, --one-file-system 不要跨越文件系统边界。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="25">-B, --block-size<span class="token operator">=</span>SIZE 检验算法使用的块尺寸，默认是700字节。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="26">-e, <span class="token parameter variable">--rsh</span><span class="token operator">=</span>command 指定使用rsh、ssh方式进行数据同步。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="27">--rsync-path<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> 指定远程服务器上的rsync命令所在路径信息。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="28">-C, --cvs-exclude 使用和CVS一样的方法自动忽略文件，用来排除那些不希望传输的文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="29"><span class="token parameter variable">--existing</span> 仅仅更新那些已经存在于DST的文件，而不备份那些新创建的文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="30"><span class="token parameter variable">--delete</span> 删除那些DST中SRC没有的文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="31">--delete-excluded 同样删除接收端那些被该选项指定排除的文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="32">--delete-after 传输结束以后再删除。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="33">--ignore-errors 及时出现IO错误也进行删除。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="34">--max-delete<span class="token operator">=</span>NUM 最多删除NUM个文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="35"><span class="token parameter variable">--partial</span> 保留那些因故没有完全传输的文件，以是加快随后的再次传输。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="36"><span class="token parameter variable">--force</span> 强制删除目录，即使不为空。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="37">--numeric-ids 不将数字的用户和组id匹配为用户名和组名。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="38"><span class="token parameter variable">--timeout</span><span class="token operator">=</span>time ip超时时间，单位为秒。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="39">-I, --ignore-times 不跳过那些有同样的时间和长度的文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="40">--size-only 当决定是否要备份文件时，仅仅察看文件大小而不考虑文件时间。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="41">--modify-window<span class="token operator">=</span>NUM 决定文件是否时间相同时使用的时间戳窗口，默认为0。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="42"><span class="token parameter variable">-T</span> --temp-dir<span class="token operator">=</span>DIR 在DIR中创建临时文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="43">--compare-dest<span class="token operator">=</span>DIR 同样比较DIR中的文件来决定是否需要备份。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="44"><span class="token parameter variable">-P</span> 等同于 --partial。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="45"><span class="token parameter variable">--progress</span> 显示备份过程。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="46">-z, <span class="token parameter variable">--compress</span> 对备份的文件在传输时进行压缩处理。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="47"><span class="token parameter variable">--exclude</span><span class="token operator">=</span>PATTERN 指定排除不需要传输的文件模式。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="48"><span class="token parameter variable">--include</span><span class="token operator">=</span>PATTERN 指定不排除而需要传输的文件模式。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="49">--exclude-from<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 排除FILE中指定模式的文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="50">--include-from<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 不排除FILE指定模式匹配的文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="51"><span class="token parameter variable">--version</span> 打印版本信息。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="52"><span class="token parameter variable">--address</span> 绑定到特定的地址。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="53"><span class="token parameter variable">--config</span><span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 指定其他的配置文件，不使用默认的rsyncd.conf文件。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="54"><span class="token parameter variable">--port</span><span class="token operator">=</span>PORT 指定其他的rsync服务端口。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="55">--blocking-io 对远程shell使用阻塞IO。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="56"><span class="token parameter variable">-stats</span> 给出某些文件的传输状态。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="57"><span class="token parameter variable">--progress</span> 在传输时显示传输过程。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="58">--log-format<span class="token operator">=</span>formAT 指定日志文件格式。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="59">--password-file<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 从FILE中得到密码。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="60"><span class="token parameter variable">--bwlimit</span><span class="token operator">=</span>KBPS 限制I/O带宽，KBytes per second。
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="61">-h, <span class="token parameter variable">--help</span> 显示帮助信息。
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="-v, --verbose 详细模式输出。
-q, --quiet 精简输出模式。
-c, --checksum 打开校验开关，强制对文件传输进行校验。
-a, --archive 归档模式，表示以递归方式传输文件，并保持所有文件属性，等于-rlptgoD。
-r, --recursive 对子目录以递归模式处理。
-R, --relative 使用相对路径信息。
-b, --backup 创建备份，也就是对于目的已经存在有同样的文件名时，将老的文件重新命名为~filename。可以使用--suffix选项来指定不同的备份文件前缀。
--backup-dir 将备份文件(如~filename)存放在在目录下。
-suffix=SUFFIX 定义备份文件前缀。
-u, --update 仅仅进行更新，也就是跳过所有已经存在于DST，并且文件时间晚于要备份的文件，不覆盖更新的文件。
-l, --links 保留软链结。
-L, --copy-links 想对待常规文件一样处理软链结。
--copy-unsafe-links 仅仅拷贝指向SRC路径目录树以外的链结。
--safe-links 忽略指向SRC路径目录树以外的链结。
-H, --hard-links 保留硬链结。
-p, --perms 保持文件权限。
-o, --owner 保持文件属主信息。
-g, --group 保持文件属组信息。
-D, --devices 保持设备文件信息。
-t, --times 保持文件时间信息。
-S, --sparse 对稀疏文件进行特殊处理以节省DST的空间。
-n, --dry-run现实哪些文件将被传输。
-w, --whole-file 拷贝文件，不进行增量检测。
-x, --one-file-system 不要跨越文件系统边界。
-B, --block-size=SIZE 检验算法使用的块尺寸，默认是700字节。
-e, --rsh=command 指定使用rsh、ssh方式进行数据同步。
--rsync-path=PATH 指定远程服务器上的rsync命令所在路径信息。
-C, --cvs-exclude 使用和CVS一样的方法自动忽略文件，用来排除那些不希望传输的文件。
--existing 仅仅更新那些已经存在于DST的文件，而不备份那些新创建的文件。
--delete 删除那些DST中SRC没有的文件。
--delete-excluded 同样删除接收端那些被该选项指定排除的文件。
--delete-after 传输结束以后再删除。
--ignore-errors 及时出现IO错误也进行删除。
--max-delete=NUM 最多删除NUM个文件。
--partial 保留那些因故没有完全传输的文件，以是加快随后的再次传输。
--force 强制删除目录，即使不为空。
--numeric-ids 不将数字的用户和组id匹配为用户名和组名。
--timeout=time ip超时时间，单位为秒。
-I, --ignore-times 不跳过那些有同样的时间和长度的文件。
--size-only 当决定是否要备份文件时，仅仅察看文件大小而不考虑文件时间。
--modify-window=NUM 决定文件是否时间相同时使用的时间戳窗口，默认为0。
-T --temp-dir=DIR 在DIR中创建临时文件。
--compare-dest=DIR 同样比较DIR中的文件来决定是否需要备份。
-P 等同于 --partial。
--progress 显示备份过程。
-z, --compress 对备份的文件在传输时进行压缩处理。
--exclude=PATTERN 指定排除不需要传输的文件模式。
--include=PATTERN 指定不排除而需要传输的文件模式。
--exclude-from=FILE 排除FILE中指定模式的文件。
--include-from=FILE 不排除FILE指定模式匹配的文件。
--version 打印版本信息。
--address 绑定到特定的地址。
--config=FILE 指定其他的配置文件，不使用默认的rsyncd.conf文件。
--port=PORT 指定其他的rsync服务端口。
--blocking-io 对远程shell使用阻塞IO。
-stats 给出某些文件的传输状态。
--progress 在传输时显示传输过程。
--log-format=formAT 指定日志文件格式。
--password-file=FILE 从FILE中得到密码。
--bwlimit=KBPS 限制I/O带宽，KBytes per second。
-h, --help 显示帮助信息。
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<h3 id="实例"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#实例"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>实例</h3>
<p><strong>SSH方式</strong></p>
<p>首先在服务端启动ssh服务：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">service</span> sshd start
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">启动 sshd： <span class="token punctuation">[</span>确定<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="service sshd start
启动 sshd： [确定]
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p><strong>使用rsync进行同步</strong></p>
<p>接下来就可以在客户端使用rsync命令来备份服务端上的数据了，SSH方式是通过系统用户来进行备份的，如下：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-vzrtopg</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--progress</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-e</span> <span class="token function">ssh</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--delete</span> work@172.16.78.192:/www/* /databack/experiment/rsync
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">work@172.16.78.192's password:
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">receiving <span class="token function">file</span> list <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token number">5</span> files to consider
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">test/
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">a
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7"><span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">0</span>.00kB/s <span class="token number">527</span>:35:41 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">20.0</span>% of <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">b
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9"><span class="token number">67</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">65</span>.43kB/s <span class="token number">0</span>:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">40.0</span>% of <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">c
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11"><span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">0</span>.00kB/s <span class="token number">527</span>:35:41 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span>, <span class="token number">60.0</span>% of <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12"><span class="token function">dd</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"><span class="token number">100663296</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">42</span>.22MB/s <span class="token number">0</span>:00:02 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span>, <span class="token number">80.0</span>% of <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">sent <span class="token number">96</span> bytes received <span class="token number">98190</span> bytes <span class="token number">11563.06</span> bytes/sec
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">total size is <span class="token number">100663363</span> speedup is <span class="token number">1024.19</span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="rsync -vzrtopg --progress -e ssh --delete work@172.16.78.192:/www/* /databack/experiment/rsync
work@172.16.78.192&#x27;s password:
receiving file list ...
5 files to consider
test/
a
0 100% 0.00kB/s 527:35:41 (1, 20.0% of 5)
b
67 100% 65.43kB/s 0:00:00 (2, 40.0% of 5)
c
0 100% 0.00kB/s 527:35:41 (3, 60.0% of 5)
dd
100663296 100% 42.22MB/s 0:00:02 (4, 80.0% of 5)
sent 96 bytes received 98190 bytes 11563.06 bytes/sec
total size is 100663363 speedup is 1024.19
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>上面的信息描述了整个的备份过程，以及总共备份数据的大小。</p>
<p><strong>后台服务方式</strong></p>
<p>启动rsync服务，编辑<code>/etc/xinetd.d/rsync</code>文件，将其中的<code>disable=yes</code>改为<code>disable=no</code>，并重启xinetd服务，如下：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">vi</span> /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token comment">#default: off</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token comment"># description: The rsync server is a good addition to an ftp server, as it \</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token comment"># allows crc checksumming etc.</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6"><span class="token function">service</span> <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">disable <span class="token operator">=</span> no
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">socket_type <span class="token operator">=</span> stream
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9"><span class="token function">wait</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> no
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">user <span class="token operator">=</span> root
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">server <span class="token operator">=</span> /usr/bin/rsync
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">server_args <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--daemon</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">log_on_failure <span class="token operator">+=</span> USERID
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

#default: off
# description: The rsync server is a good addition to an ftp server, as it \
# allows crc checksumming etc.
service rsync {
disable = no
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/bin/rsync
server_args = --daemon
log_on_failure += USERID
}
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">/etc/init.d/xinetd restart
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">停止 xinetd： <span class="token punctuation">[</span>确定<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">启动 xinetd： <span class="token punctuation">[</span>确定<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="/etc/init.d/xinetd restart
停止 xinetd： [确定]
启动 xinetd： [确定]
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>创建配置文件，默认安装好rsync程序后，并不会自动创建rsync的主配置文件，需要手工来创建，其主配置文件为“/etc/rsyncd.conf”，创建该文件并插入如下内容：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">vi</span> /etc/rsyncd.conf
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token assign-left variable">uid</span><span class="token operator">=</span>root
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token assign-left variable">gid</span><span class="token operator">=</span>root
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">max <span class="token assign-left variable">connections</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">4</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">log <span class="token assign-left variable">file</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/log/rsyncd.log
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">pid <span class="token assign-left variable">file</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/run/rsyncd.pid
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">lock <span class="token assign-left variable">file</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/run/rsyncd.lock
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">secrets <span class="token assign-left variable">file</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/etc/rsyncd.passwd
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">hosts <span class="token assign-left variable">deny</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">172.16</span>.78.0/22
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>www<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"><span class="token assign-left variable">comment</span><span class="token operator">=</span> backup web
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14"><span class="token assign-left variable">path</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/www
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15"><span class="token builtin class-name">read</span> only <span class="token operator">=</span> no
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16"><span class="token assign-left variable">exclude</span><span class="token operator">=</span>test
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">auth <span class="token assign-left variable">users</span><span class="token operator">=</span>work
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="vi /etc/rsyncd.conf

uid=root
gid=root
max connections=4
log file=/var/log/rsyncd.log
pid file=/var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file=/var/run/rsyncd.lock
secrets file=/etc/rsyncd.passwd
hosts deny=172.16.78.0/22

[www]
comment= backup web
path=/www
read only = no
exclude=test
auth users=work
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>创建密码文件，采用这种方式不能使用系统用户对客户端进行认证，所以需要创建一个密码文件，其格式为“username:password”，用户名可以和密码可以随便定义，最好不要和系统帐户一致，同时要把创建的密码文件权限设置为600，这在前面的模块参数做了详细介绍。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"work:abc123"</span> <span class="token operator">></span> /etc/rsyncd.passwd
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> /etc/rsyncd.passwd
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="echo &#x22;work:abc123&#x22; > /etc/rsyncd.passwd
chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.passwd
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>备份，完成以上工作，现在就可以对数据进行备份了，如下：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-avz</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--progress</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--delete</span> work@172.16.78.192::www /databack/experiment/rsync
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">Password:
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">receiving <span class="token function">file</span> list <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token number">6</span> files to consider
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">./ files<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">a
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8"><span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">0</span>.00kB/s <span class="token number">528</span>:20:41 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">50.0</span>% of <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">b
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10"><span class="token number">67</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">65</span>.43kB/s <span class="token number">0</span>:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">66.7</span>% of <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">c
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12"><span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">0</span>.00kB/s <span class="token number">528</span>:20:41 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span>, <span class="token number">83.3</span>% of <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"><span class="token function">dd</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14"><span class="token number">100663296</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">37</span>.49MB/s <span class="token number">0</span>:00:02 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span>, <span class="token number">100.0</span>% of <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">sent <span class="token number">172</span> bytes received <span class="token number">98276</span> bytes <span class="token number">17899.64</span> bytes/sec
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">total size is <span class="token number">150995011</span> speedup is <span class="token number">1533.75</span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="rsync -avz --progress --delete work@172.16.78.192::www /databack/experiment/rsync

Password:
receiving file list ...
6 files to consider
./ files...
a
0 100% 0.00kB/s 528:20:41 (1, 50.0% of 6)
b
67 100% 65.43kB/s 0:00:00 (2, 66.7% of 6)
c
0 100% 0.00kB/s 528:20:41 (3, 83.3% of 6)
dd
100663296 100% 37.49MB/s 0:00:02 (4, 100.0% of 6)
sent 172 bytes received 98276 bytes 17899.64 bytes/sec
total size is 150995011 speedup is 1533.75
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>恢复，当服务器的数据出现问题时，那么这时就需要通过客户端的数据对服务端进行恢复，但前提是服务端允许客户端有写入权限，否则也不能在客户端直接对服务端进行恢复，使用rsync对数据进行恢复的方法如下：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-avz</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--progress</span> /databack/experiment/rsync/ work@172.16.78.192::www
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">Password:
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">building <span class="token function">file</span> list <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token number">6</span> files to consider
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">./
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">a
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">b
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9"><span class="token number">67</span> <span class="token number">100</span>% <span class="token number">0</span>.00kB/s <span class="token number">0</span>:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">66.7</span>% of <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">c
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">sent <span class="token number">258</span> bytes received <span class="token number">76</span> bytes <span class="token number">95.43</span> bytes/sec
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">total size is <span class="token number">150995011</span> speedup is <span class="token number">452080.87</span>
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="rsync -avz --progress /databack/experiment/rsync/ work@172.16.78.192::www

Password:
building file list ...
6 files to consider
./
a
b
67 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (2, 66.7% of 6)
c
sent 258 bytes received 76 bytes 95.43 bytes/sec
total size is 150995011 speedup is 452080.87
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p><strong>将源目录同步到目标目录</strong></p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -r source destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>上面命令中，<code>-r</code> 表示递归，即包含子目录。注意，<code>-r</code>是必须的，否则 <code>rsync</code> 运行不会成功。<code>source</code> 目录表示源目录，<code>destination</code> 表示目标目录。</p>
<p><strong>多个文件或目录同步</strong></p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> source1 source2 destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -r source1 source2 destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>上面命令中，<code>source1</code>、<code>source2</code> 都会被同步到 <code>destination</code> 目录。</p>
<p><strong>同步元信息</strong></p>
<p><code>-a</code> 参数可以替代 <code>-r</code>，除了可以递归同步以外，还可以同步元信息（比如修改时间、权限等）。由于 <code>rsync</code> 默认使用文件大小和修改时间决定文件是否需要更新，所以 <code>-a</code> 比 <code>-r</code> 更有用。下面的用法才是常见的写法。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-a</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -a source destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>目标目录 <code>destination</code> 如果不存在，<code>rsync</code> 会自动创建。执行上面的命令后，源目录 <code>source</code> 被完整地复制到了目标目录 <code>destination</code> 下面，即形成了 <code>destination/source</code> 的目录结构。</p>
<p>如果只想同步源目录 <code>source</code> 里面的内容到目标目录 <code>destination</code> ，则需要在源目录后面加上斜杠。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-a</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -a source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>上面命令执行后，<code>source</code> 目录里面的内容，就都被复制到了 <code>destination</code> 目录里面，并不会在 <code>destination</code> 下面创建一个 <code>source</code> 子目录。</p>
<p><strong>模拟执行的结果</strong></p>
<p>如果不确定 <code>rsync</code> 执行后会产生什么结果，可以先用 <code>-n</code> 或 <code>--dry-run</code> 参数模拟执行的结果。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-anv</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -anv source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>上面命令中，<code>-n</code> 参数模拟命令执行的结果，并不真的执行命令。<code>-v</code> 参数则是将结果输出到终端，这样就可以看到哪些内容会被同步。</p>
<p><strong>目标目录成为源目录的镜像副本</strong></p>
<p>默认情况下，<code>rsync</code> 只确保源目录的所有内容（明确排除的文件除外）都复制到目标目录。它不会使两个目录保持相同，并且不会删除文件。如果要使得目标目录成为源目录的镜像副本，则必须使用 <code>--delete</code> 参数，这将删除只存在于目标目录、不存在于源目录的文件。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--delete</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -av --delete source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>上面命令中，<code>--delete</code> 参数会使得 <code>destination</code> 成为 <code>source</code> 的一个镜像。</p>
<p><strong>排除文件</strong></p>
<p>有时，我们希望同步时排除某些文件或目录，这时可以用--exclude参数指定排除模式。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--exclude</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'*.txt'</span> source/ destination
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token comment"># 或者</span>
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--exclude</span> <span class="token string">'*.txt'</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -av --exclude=&#x27;*.txt&#x27; source/ destination
# 或者
$ rsync -av --exclude &#x27;*.txt&#x27; source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>上面命令排除了所有 <code>TXT</code> 文件。</p>
<p>注意，<code>rsync</code> 会同步以"点"开头的隐藏文件，如果要排除隐藏文件，可以这样写 <code>--exclude=".*"</code>。</p>
<p>如果要排除某个目录里面的所有文件，但不希望排除目录本身，可以写成下面这样。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--exclude</span> <span class="token string">'dir1/*'</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -av --exclude &#x27;dir1/*&#x27; source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>多个排除模式，可以用多个 <code>--exclude</code> 参数。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--exclude</span> <span class="token string">'file1.txt'</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--exclude</span> <span class="token string">'dir1/*'</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -av --exclude &#x27;file1.txt&#x27; --exclude &#x27;dir1/*&#x27; source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>多个排除模式也可以利用 Bash 的大扩号的扩展功能，只用一个 <code>--exclude</code> 参数。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--exclude</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">'file1.txt'</span>,<span class="token string">'dir1/*'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -av --exclude={&#x27;file1.txt&#x27;,&#x27;dir1/*&#x27;} source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>如果排除模式很多，可以将它们写入一个文件，每个模式一行，然后用 <code>--exclude-from</code> 参数指定这个文件。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span> --exclude-from<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'exclude-file.txt'</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -av --exclude-from=&#x27;exclude-file.txt&#x27; source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p><strong>指定必须同步的文件模式</strong></p>
<p><code>--include</code> 参数用来指定必须同步的文件模式，往往与 <code>--exclude</code> 结合使用。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">$ <span class="token function">rsync</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--include</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"*.txt"</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--exclude</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'*'</span> source/ destination
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="$ rsync -av --include=&#x22;*.txt&#x22; --exclude=&#x27;*&#x27; source/ destination
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
<p>上面命令指定同步时，排除所有文件，但是会包括 <code>TXT</code> 文件。</p>
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